American Board of Family Medicine (ABFM) Practice Exam

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How many arteries and veins are present in the umbilical cord?

1 artery, 2 veins
2 arteries, 1 vein
Only arteries
Only veins

The correct answer is: 2 arteries, 1 vein

In a normal umbilical cord, there are typically two arteries and one vein. This anatomical arrangement is crucial for the proper functioning of the placenta and fetal circulation. The two arteries in the umbilical cord carry deoxygenated blood from the fetus back to the placenta, where it can release carbon dioxide and other waste products and absorb oxygen and nutrients. Conversely, the single umbilical vein is responsible for transporting oxygenated blood, rich in nutrients, from the placenta to the fetus. Understanding this configuration is vital for healthcare professionals, as deviations from this norm, such as the presence of a single umbilical artery, can indicate potential fetal anomalies or complications. Observations during prenatal ultrasounds often include examining the umbilical cord structure to ensure it is developing normally.